OVERVIEW / REVIEW OF CALIFORNIA

CSET U.S. History subject areas:

2.1 Early Exploration, Colonial Era, and the War for Independence. Candidates for Multiple Subject Teaching Credentials:
__identify and describe European exploration and settlement, and the struggle for control of North America during the Colonial Era, including cooperation and conflict among American Indians and new settlers.
__They identify the founders and discuss their religious, economic and political reasons for colonization of North America.
__They describe European colonial rule and its relationship with American Indian societies.
__Candidates describe the development and institutionalization of African slavery in the western hemisphere and its consequences in Sub-Saharan Africa.
__They describe the causes of the War for Independence, elements of political and military leadership, the impact of the war on Americans, the role of France, and the key ideas embodied within the Declaration of Independence.

2.2 The Development of the Constitution and the Early Republic. Candidates for Multiple Subject Teaching Credentials:
__describe the political system of the United States and the ways that citizens participate in it through executive, legislative and judicial processes.
__They define the Articles of Confederation and the factors leading to the development of the U.S. Constitution, including the Bill of Rights.
__They explain the major principles of government and political philosophy contained within the Constitution, especially separation of powers and federalism. Candidates trace the evolution of political parties, describe their differing visions for the country, and analyze their impact on economic development policies.
__They identify historical, cultural, economic and geographic factors that led to the formation of distinct regional identities.
__They describe the westward movement, expansion of U.S. borders, and government policies toward American Indians and foreign nations during the Early Republic.
__They identify the roles of Blacks (both slave and free), American Indians, the Irish and other immigrants, women and children in the political, cultural and economic life of the new country.

2.3 Civil War and Reconstruction. Candidates for Multiple Subject Teaching Credentials:
__recognize the origin and the evolution of the anti-slavery movement, including the roles of free Blacks and women, and the response of those who defended slavery.
__They describe evidence for the economic, social and political causes of the Civil War, including the constitutional debates over the doctrine of nullification and secession.
__They identify the major battles of the Civil War and the comparative strengths and weaknesses of the Union and the Confederacy.
__They describe the character of Reconstruction, factors leading to its abandonment, and the rise of Jim Crow practices.

2.4 The Rise of Industrial America. Candidates for Multiple Subject Teaching Credentials:
__recognize the pattern of urban growth in the United States, the impact of successive waves of immigration in the nineteenth century, and the response of renewed nativism.
__They understand the impact of major inventions on the Industrial Revolution and the quality of life.

The quiz will consist of 16 of these (each worth 2 points, with one freebie for everyone) for 30 points chosen at random:

1. By the seventeenth century, Spain had
A. monopolized New World trade
B. reached the height of its power and begun to decline
C. failed in its effort to build a New World empire
D. swept across northern Africa and seized control of the slave trade
E. pioneered new routes to the East Indies
(Correct Answer: B. By this point, England was catching up to the Spanish in terms of naval power, and Spanish power in the Americas had reached its highest point.)

2. Which of the following was not a religious dissenter in Massachusetts Bay?
A. William Bradford
B. Roger Williams
C. John Davenport
D. Anne Hutchinson
E. Thomas Hooker
(Correct Answer: A. Bradford was a governor of Massachusetts Bay for twenty years; all of the others left for religious reasons and founded colonies elsewhere.)

3. A colony designated as a refuge for English Catholics was
A. North Carolina
B. Pennsylvania
C. South Carolina
D. Maryland
E. Virginia
(Correct Answer: D. George Calvert settled this colony in 1632 for exactly that purpose.)

4. English people came to the New World because of
A. their dislike for the Church of England
B. overcrowding in English cities
C. economic opportunity
D. A and C
E. All of the above
(Correct Answer: E. The overcrowding of cities was an additional factor in convincing some English people to "try their lot" in the New World.)

5. The very first Americans
A. lived in South America
B. were nomadic wanderers
C. lived in permanent sites
D. were subsistence farmers
E. predated Spain's arrival in the New World by only two centuries
(Correct Answer: B. Almost all early Native American tribes were nomadic in nature.)

1. The creation of the Dominion of New England
A. increased democracy in the colonies
B. increased the power of the governor of the area
C. allowed New England colonies to discuss common grievances
D. guaranteed direct control of the King over affairs in the New England colonies
E. was largely a symbolic gesture
(Correct Answer: B. This occurred after resistance in Massachusetts to the Navigation Acts, and it gave increased power to Sir Edmund Andros.)

2. A major effect of the Stono Rebellion was
A. an increase in the number of slaves brought into the southern colonies
B. increased fortifications around several southern cities
C. an attempt by slave owners to lessen the horrors of the "middle passage"
D. the passage of legislation in southern assemblies calling for mandatory capital punishment for escaped slaves
E. harsher treatment of slaves in many parts of the south
(Correct Answer: E. Many plantation owners were fearful of additional rebellions and felt that harsh treatment of slaves would prevent rebellious behavior.)

3. The growth of colonial assemblies alarmed the British for all of the following reasons except:
A. At meetings of these assemblies antiBritish feelings were expressed.
B. Assemblies holding the "power of the purse" could ultimately undermine British control.
C. The assemblies increased democratic tendencies in the colonies.
D. The assemblies occasionally ignored or resisted instructions from Great Britain.
E. Governors appointed in Britain had little control over these assemblies in most colonies.
(Correct Answer: C. These assemblies were in no way democratic, as in every colony they were dominated by the landowning elite.)

4. For the British, the major economic role of the American colonies was
A. to produce manufactured goods the English did not want to produce
B. to produce crops such as tobacco
C. to provide food and materials for the other British colonies
D. to produce raw materials such as lumber
E. B and D above
(Correct Answer: E. The role of the colonies under mercantilism was to provide England with crops and raw materials.)

5. What changes in the slave system of the southern colonies began in the 1730s?
A. The Dutch lost the monopoly on slave trading, thus increasing the number of slaves being brought into the Americas.
B. Conditions during the "middle passage" began to slightly Improve.
C. Under pressure from religious leaders, slave conditions in South Carolina became less oppressive.
D. More slaves began to live and work on larger plantations.
E. A series of slave rebellions created much harsher treatment for slaves.
(Correct Answer: D. Before the 1730s, most slaves worked on small farms. The Dutch lost their monopoly on slave trading back in 1682. The Stono Rebellion was the first major slave rebellion and occurred in 1739.)

1. William Pitt was able to convince the colonies to fight in the Seven Years War by
A. convincing Native American tribes to attack colonial settlements in the Ohio valley
B. threatening military reprisals by the British army
C. threatening to make the colonists fight the French by themselves
D. putting the recruiting of troops in the colonies totally in the hands of the colonies themselves
E. paying colonial soldiers generous bonuses to fight against the French
(Correct Answer: D. Pitt put the recruiting of colonial troops totally in local hands and agreed to reimburse the colonies for all their expenses during the war.)

2. The Stamp Act created great fury in the colonies because
A. it imposed massive duties on the colonies
B. colonial legislatures had expressed opposition to it beforehand
C. it was the first time Parliament had imposed a duty on the colonies
D. it took badly needed revenue away from colonial legislatures
E. this was the first time that Parliament imposed a direct tax on the colonies
(Correct Answer: E. All previous taxation of the colonies had been self-imposed.)

3. The statement "taxation without representation is tyranny" was first proclaimed by
A. Benjamin Franklin
B. John Hancock
C. Samuel Adams
D. John Dickinson
E. Patrick Henry
(Correct Answer: C. This statement was first made by Adams in 1768 in an article he wrote opposing the Townshend Acts.)

4. After the Seven Years War, resentment between the British and the colonists existed for all of the following reasons except
A. the British resented the fact that few colonists had actually helped them in the war against the French
B. British soldiers had been quartered in colonial homes
C. the British resented the fact that some colonists continued to trade with the French at the beginning of the war
D. colonial militiamen felt the British exhibited a patronizing attitude toward them
E. many colonial militiamen were appalled at the incredibly harsh discipline that British officers imposed on their soldiers
(Correct Answer: A. The colonies contributed nearly 24,000 men to the war effort-while the British contributed 25,000.)

5. Most delegates at the First Continental Congress of 1774
A. felt that there should be a total boycott of British goods by the colonies
B. felt that the colonies should firmly resist measures to tax them without their consent
C. felt that it was time to seriously consider military measures against the British
D. wanted the British to totally refrain from regulating trade to the colonies
E. proposed sending Benjamin Franklin and John Dickinson as representatives to the British parliament
(Correct Answer: B. Although some, including Sam Adams, wanted a boycott of all British goods, John Adams crafted a compromise that called for the colonies to oppose "taxation without representation.")

1. The purpose of the Olive Branch Petition was to
A. rally colonial support for war against Great Britain
B. petition the king for redress of economic grievances suffered by the colonies
C. ask the king to craft a solution to end the tensions between Great Britain and the colonies
D. request formal support of each colony for the formulation of the Second Continental Congress
E. ask the king to grant independence to the colonies
(Correct Answer: C. Although the Second Continental Congress began to prepare for colonies for war against Great Britain, the delegates also voted to send this petition to George III, asking him to create harmony between Great Britain and the colonies.)

2. At the beginning of the Revolutionary War, the British were extremely confident of victory because all of the following reasons except
A. they had outstanding generals that would be commanding British forces in the Americas
B. there were many loyalists throughout the American colonies
C. the Continental Army suffered from poor discipline
D. the British had an outstanding navy
E. the Continental Army was continually lacking in supplies
(Correct Answer: A. Several of the main generals commanding British troops in the Revolutionary War proved early on to be quite ordinary in tactical and leadership skills.)

3. All of the following were contained in the Treaty of Paris of 1783 except
A. Americans got fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland
B. territory west of the Appalachian Mountains was ceded to the Americans
C. American independence was recognized by Great Britain
D. Quebec and the area immediately surrounding it was ceded to the Americans
E. former loyalists in the colonies could retrieve property seized from them during the Revolutionary War
(Correct Answer: D. None of the British territory in Canada was taken from them as a result of the treaty.)

4. Women were important in the war effort because they
A. provided much of the financial backing for the colonial cause
B. provided several delegates to the Second Continental Congress
C. wrote influential articles in colonial newspapers urging the colonies to resist the British
D. provided clothing and blankets for the frozen troops at Valley Forge
E. maintained economic stability in the colonies by managing households across the colonies while men were off fighting the British
(Correct Answer: E. Although women assisted the war effort in many ways, they made an important contribution by managing estates and farms while their husbands were serving in the colonial militias or in the Continental Army.)

5. The weakness of the national government created by the Articles of Confederation was demonstrated by the fact that it was not given the power to
A. mediate disputes between states
B. raise an army
C. conduct foreign relations
D. borrow money
E. print money
(Correct Answer: B. The national government was not given the power to issue taxes, regulate commerce, or raise an army.)

1. The Connecticut Plan presented to the Constitutional Convention of 1787
A. proposal for a one-house legislature based on population
B. proposal for a two-house legislature based on proportional representation
C. proposal for a one-house legislature based on proportional representation
D. proposal for a two-house legislature, with one house based on proportional representation
E. proposal for a balance of power between executive, legislative, and judicial branches
(Correct Answer: D. The Connecticut plan, also called the Great Compromise, was ratified by the delegates. Under this plan, representation in the House of Representatives would be by population, while all states would have equal representation in the Senate.)

2. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolves
A. expressed support for the new U.S. Constitution
B. expressed opposition to the government actions in putting down the Whiskey Rebellion
C. stated that individual states do not have to enforce laws the states consider unconstitutional
D. were written to support John Adams' support of the Sedition Act
E. were written in opposition to the economic policies of Alexander Hamilton
(Correct Answer: C. After the passage of the Sedition Act, legislatures in Kentucky and Virginia passed resolutions stating that states do not have to enforce laws they consider to be unconstitutional.)

3. Many in America felt that the English and the French failed to treat the United States as a major power in this era; all of the following are evidence of that except
A. the Convention of 1800
B. the treatment of American ships by the French during the 1790s
C. Jay's Treaty
D. the treatment of American ships by the British during the 1790s
E. the XYZ Affair
(Correct Answer: A. As a result of the Convention of 1800, the French agreed to compensate the United States for ships seized during the previous decade. Events mentioned in all of the other choices demonstrate that the French and English had little respect for American rights in diplomatic matters and on the high seas during this era.)

4. Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton had different views on all of the following except whether America should be a commercial or agrarian society
A. the amount of power the federal
B. government should have
C. the tariff policy of the United States
D. the importance of a National Bank
E. their belief in the power of the U.S. Constitution
(Correct Answer: E. Both believed in the power of the Constitution, although their interpretation of the Constitution was different. Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution, while Hamilton believed in a broad interpretation.)

5. Under the Electoral College system
A. voters directly elect the president of the United States
B. state legislatures elect the president of the United States
C. voters approve electors, who elect the president of the United States
D. it is possible to win the popular vote and lose the election in the Electoral College
E. C and D above
(Correct Answer: E. As demonstrated in the presidential election of 2000, it is possible to get the most number of votes nationwide but to lose the presidential election in the Electoral College. This also occurred in the presidential election of 1876.)

1. The Marbury v. Madison decision
A. gave powers to the president that the Republicans of Thomas Jefferson claimed he didn't have
B. gave broad judicial power to the state courts
C. declared that the Alien and Sedition Acts were constitutional
D. established the principle of judicial review
E. legalized the removal of Native Americans from western lands
(Correct Answer: D. The decision stated that the Supreme Court had the right to decide on the constitutionality of federal rulings and laws.)

2. As a result of the election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800,
A. more assistance was given to the commercial sector
B. politicians in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia gained power
C. American foreign policy became more pro-British
D. the federal debt rose dramatically
E. federal excise taxes were eliminated
(Correct Answer: E. All of the remaining answers would have been true if a Federalist had been elected president. Jefferson favored lessening the power of the federal government, and eliminating federal excise taxes was one way in which he did so.)

3. All of the following are reasons why America entered the War of 1812 except
A. the impressment of American naval crews
B. the existence of a strong American navy ready to demonstrate its capabilities
C. the relationship between the British and Native American tribes in the western territories of North America
D. the violation of America's rights as a neutral power
E. the desire of American leaders to acquire additional western territories
(Correct Answer: B. The United States had an army of 6000 men and 17 ships when war began. All the other choices are reasons why Americans supported the War of 1812.)

4. The Hartford Convention demonstrated that
A. the Federalist party had remained a dominant party in American political life
B. the War of 1812 brought political union to the United States
C. the concept of nullification was not exclusively a Southern one
D. the legacy of John Adams was large
E. the Treaty of Ghent was a controversial treaty
(Correct Answer: C. Kentucky and Virginia spoke of nullification after the Sedition Act; New England Federalists saw the War of 1812 as a disaster and at the Hartford Convention also spoke of nullification.)

5. The American System of Henry Clay
A. favored strong economic growth and a second National Bank
B. wanted to make the United States the military equivalent of Great Britain or France
C. wanted to place a ceiling on the national debt
D. favored lowering tariffs, so that more goods could be purchased from abroad
E. advocated the elimination of slavery
(Correct Answer: A. The American System favored American economic growth, a National Bank, and increased tariffs to protect American businesses and finance new transportation systems within the United States.)

1. President Monroe claimed that westward relocation of Native Americans would be to the advantage of the Native Americans because
A. they would not be bothered west of the Mississippi
B. the American military would protect them during the journey
C. they would be well compensated for the tribal lands that they were leaving
D. they would not have to pay for the lands they were moving to
E. settlers west of the Mississippi were receptive to Native American settlement there
(Correct Answer: A. Monroe stated that Native Americans could not avoid being continually harassed if they lived east of the Mississippi, but that this would not happen after they moved.)

2. The concept of nullification became an issue during this period when
A. Georgia opposed congressional legislation concerning slavery
B. South Carolina nullified congressional legislation concerning the removal of Native Americans
C. South Carolina nullified congressional tariff bills
D. Southern representatives to the Electoral College switched their votes in the 1824 election
E. Virginia nullified congressional legislation concerning slavery
(Correct Answer: C. Because the tariff bills increased the prices of cloth and iron, the South Carolina legislature first nullified the Tariff of 1828.)

3. Critics of Andrew Jackson would make all of the following claims except that
A. he was a very common man and not fit to be president
B. he gave too much power to the presidency
C. he gave political offices to his friends
D. he lacked experience in governmental affairs
E. he relied too much on his "Kitchen Cabinet"
(Correct Answer: D. All of the other criticisms were often made against Jackson. However, he did have an impressive background: before becoming president, he had served as a congressman and a senator from Tennessee and as the territorial governor of Florida.)

4. The following are true about the textile mills of New England in the early nineteenth century except
A. a large percentage of their workforce was made up of women
B. they depended on water for power
C. they used a system called the putting-out system
D. almost none still exist today
E. there was little labor unrest in the mills until the 1830s and 1840s
(Correct Answer: C. It was the putting-out system that these mills replaced.)

5. Horace Mann is associated with
A. abolitionism
B. the temperance movement
C. prison reform
D. educational reform
E. reform for conditions of the mentally ill
(Correct Answer: D. Horace Mann wrote and spoke about the need to improve schools and to improve teacher training methods.)

EXPANDING UNION

1. Northerners approved all of the provisions of the Compromise of 1850 except
A. the section of the document concerning slavery in California
B. the section of the document concerning the Fugitive Slave Law
C. the section of the treaty on slave trading in Washington, DC
D. the section of the document concerning slavery in New Mexico
E. the section of the document concerning slavery in Utah
(Correct Answer: B. In the Compromise of 1850, provisions of the Fugitive Slave Law were made tougher. California was to enter the Union as a free state, the residents of New Mexico and Utah could decide if they wanted to be slave or free, and slave trading was outlawed in Washington, DC.)

2. During the presidential election of 1860
A. the Democratic party had split and was running two candidates
B. the new president was someone that almost no one in the South had voted for support for the Constitutional Union party demonstrated that ex-Whigs
D. were not satisfied with either the Democratic or the Republican party
D. the issue of the future of slavery in the territories was a major issue
E. all of the above
(Correct Answer: E. All of the factors mentioned concerning the 1860 election are true.)

3. According to the concept of manifest destiny
A. it was primarily economic factors that caused Americans to expand westward
B. it was primarily political factors that caused Americans to expand westward
C. the desires of the American military did much to force westward expansion
D. westward expansion was the fulfillment of America's destiny
E. overpopulation on the eastern seaboard forced westward expansion
(Correct Answer: D. The concept of manifest destiny stated that social, political, and social factors all came together to encourage western expansion, and that western expansion was actually "God's plan" for America.)

4. American settlers first came to Mexico in the early 1830s
A. to avenge the attack on the Alamo
B. for religious reasons; most that came were devout Catholics
C. for political reasons; most that came were disenchanted with American policy toward Native Americans
D. out of personal loyalty to Davey Crockett or Jim Bowie
E. because they could receive a large plot of land for next to nothing
(Correct Answer: E. Settlers who came and became Mexican citizens and Catholics could receive very large plots of land for almost nothing. The incident at the Alamo did not occur until 1836.)

5. The political party of the era that supported nativist policies was the
A. Liberty party
B. Free-Soil party
C. Democratic party
D. Know-Nothing party
E. Whig party
(Correct Answer: D. The Know-Nothing party, a popular party in the early 1850s, supported a number of anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic policies.)

2. European states did not aid the Confederacy in the Civil War because
A. Union diplomats made many efforts to convince them not to
B. there were alternative sources of cotton and other crops that they could turn to
C. the Confederacy's position on slavery
D. they did not believe that the Confederacy could win
E. All of the above
(Correct Answer: E All of the reasons given helped convince the Europeans not to assist the Confederacy. The Confederacy's position on slavery proved to be especially troublesome, since slavery had long been outlawed in Europe.)

3. The military draft was unpopular to many in the North because
A. the North already was lacking in men during this period
B. the draft allowed blacks to enter the armed forces
C. the draft allowed Irish-American immigrants to enter the army
D. the draft allowed those drafted to hire "replacements"
E. martial law was needed in many locations to enforce the draft provisions
(Correct Answer: D. The fact that replacement soldiers, usually immigrants, could be hired or that a payment of $300 to the government could get a man out of the draft made the system very unpopular to many.)

4. The Battle of Vicksburg was an important victory for the Union because
A. it reversed several Union defeats in the same year
B. it came quickly, with a minimal loss of Union life
C. it gave the Union a pathway to Atlanta
D. it gave the Union virtual control of the Mississippi River
E. it demonstrated that General Lee could, in fact, be beaten
(Correct Answer: D. The six-week Battle of Vicksburg occurred in 1863 and helped turn the war in the Union's favor. As a result of Vicksburg, the Mississippi was virtually in the hands of the Union. Lee did not command the Confederate forces at Vicksburg.)

5. Copperheads were
A. Democrats in the North who opposed the war
B. Republicans in the North who suggested that Lincoln be replaced
C. Democrats in the North who switched alliance to Lincoln
D. Southern Democrats who wanted negotiations with the North as early at 1863
E. Northern Democrats who moved to the South during the war
(Correct Answer: A. Copperheads were Democrats in the North who claimed that the war would bring economic ruin to the North, with freed slaves taking jobs that whites now had. Some were arrested and deported.)

1. Those farmers who were successful on the Great Plains
A. came to the West as single men, without families
B. utilized many farming techniques they had learned in the East
C. personified the spirit of rugged individualism
D. relied on the assistance of other settlers around them
E. personified the image of the yeoman farmer of Thomas Jefferson
(Correct Answer: D. Almost every diary of memoirs from individuals who lived on the plains noted that rugged individualism was not enough to be successful.)

2. Exodusters were
A. newly arrived miners in Oregon
B. Southern blacks who went west to settle
C. settlers who went to Washington state to be part of the lumbering industry
D. those who "dusted" or cleaned crops on bonanza farms
E. immigrants who went west to farm
(Correct Answer: B. This group went west to farm in 1879 and modeled their journey after the journey of the Israelites fleeing Egypt to the Promised Land.)

3. The Dawes Act
A. tried to turn Native Americans into farmers who would farm their own individual plots only
B. protected Native American land from further encroachment
C. broke up large Native American reservations into smaller ones
D. made Ghost Dances illegal
E. made the further killing of buffalo by Western settlers illegal
(Correct Answer: A. The Dawes Act tried to "civilize" Native Americans and destroy their tribal lands. )

4. The organization that expressed the views of farmers to the largest national audience was
A. the Greenback party
B. the Populist party
C. the Grange
D. the Colored Farmers' National Alliance
E. the Farmers' Alliances
(Correct Answer: B. The Populist party platform was intended to appeal to all workers in society, including those in the city. The policies of the Populist party were heard nationwide in the 1892 presidential election; however, because of the power of the Democratic party in the South, the Populist presidential candidate received only 1 million votes in the election.)

5. The Turner thesis
A. agreed with accounts of the West in the dime-store novels of the 1870s concerning the character of western expansion
B. emphasized the diversity of those who traveled west
C. takes into account the massacre of Native Americans
D. notes the impact of western expansion on the American character
E. emphasized the "hard living" that went on in many western settlements
(Correct Answer: D. Turner himself would later revise his thesis based on some of the characteristics of western expansion noted in the other possible answers.)

1. The practices championed by Frederick W. Taylor that were championed by many factory owners of the era
A. made it easier for immigrant workers to assimilate into the American working class
B. ensured that all workers would receive higher wages and conditions in the factories would improve
C. emphasized the need for greater efficiency in factory operations
D. reemphasized the need for extensive training before the worker could do almost any job in the factory
E. created less profit for factory owners
(Correct Answer: C. Taylorism made efficiency in the workplace a science and set the stage for assembly line production techniques.)

2. Many citizens became involved in the political process by actively supporting the Republican and Democratic parties for all of the reasons listed except
A. the parades, rallies, and campaigns of the era provided an exciting entry into the American political system
B. the strength of the two parties was roughly identical in this era, thus creating close and interesting races
C. the expansion and spread of newspapers in this era made more people aware of political developments
D. candidates for president for both parties in almost every race of this era were dynamic and very popular campaigners, thus energizing the forces of both parties
E. energetic campaign workers were sometimes rewarded with government jobs (Correct Answer: D. Most of the presidential candidates-and presidential winnersof this era were nondescript men, thus allowing much power to go over to Congress.)

3. An analysis of the march on Washington by "Coxey's Army" in 1894 demonstrates that
A. large segments of the unemployed in America were willing to become involved politically to protest their situation
B. all classes in American society were deeply affected by the depression of the early 1890s
C. the policies of dealing with depression in the 1890s were somewhat similar to policies championed by Herbert Hoover from 1929 to 1932
D. public opinion had a major effect on government policy in the late 1800s
E. the march was extremely well covered by the press
(Correct Answer: C. The march had little effect on government policy. Coxey's Army was relatively small by the time it got to Washington. Official policy of the time was that it was not the job of the federal government to actively intervene during hard times, a policy similar to that supported by Herbert Hoover in the first years of the Great Depression.)

4. The following statements are true about the new industrial city of the late nineteenth century except
A. the working class lived around the factories, usually somewhat near the center of the city
B. the factories of the city were almost always found near a source of water, since water power was common
C. mass transportation allowed workers to travel to various parts of the city, where before they had to walk to work
D. the central area of the city usually consisted of offices, banks, and insurance buildings
E. many saloons existed in workingclass neighborhoods
(Correct Answer: B. By 1890, most American industry had converted to steam power.)

5. Evidence that the standard of living for the working class improved in this era could be found by carefully analyzing all of the following except
A. a comparison of increased wages with increased living costs. for factory workers
B. an analysis of the increased diversity of foods available for purchase by factory workers
C. a study of former luxuries that were now staple in the homes of some industrial workers
D. an analysis of the growth of amusement parks, sporting events, and movie theaters in the major cities
E. a comparison of the wages of most immigrant workers with the wages of workers who remained to work in the" old country"
(Correct Answer: A. Many diverse foods were available for purchase by factory workers, but few could afford them. For many workers, wages did go up in this period; however, increased living costs often outstripped higher wages.)

1. The intent of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine was
A. to prevent European powers from becoming directly involved in affairs of the Western Hemisphere
B. to allow the United States to intervene in Latin American countries causing "trouble" for the United States
C. to allow the United States to "assist" countries in the area that demonstrated economic or political instability
D. to allow the United States to remove "unfriendly governments" in the Western Hemisphere
E. All of the above
(Correct Answer: E. The Roosevelt Corollary allowed the United States to intervene in affairs of Latin American countries under several circumstances, but was also intended to keep the European powers out of Latin America.)

2. Many humanitarians in the United States initially supported the Spanish-American War because
A. they were appalled at the Spanish policy of re-concentration in Cuba
B. they were able to ignore editorial comments found in most American newspapers
C. they were following the lead of the Anti-Imperialist League
D. they desired to assist the Filipino natives
E. of American economic interests in Cuba
(Correct Answer: A. The Spanish policy of placing civilians in camps horrified many Americans. Most American newspapers initially supported the war as well. Concern for the Filipinos only became an issue during the debate over whether or not the United States should annex the Philippines. )

3. The major criticism that some Americans had concerning the construction of the Panama Canal was that
A. the canal would force America to have a navy in both the Pacific and the Atlantic
B. the canal would be outlandishly expensive to build
C. the tactics that the Americans used to get the rights to build the canal were unsavory at best
D. a French construction team had agreed to build the canal first
E. American forces would have to be stationed indefinitely in Panama to guard the canal
(Correct Answer: C. The United States acquired the rights to territory to build the canal through the encouragement of a "revolt" by Panamanians against Colombia. The American navy wanted the canal. The French construction team had already been bankrupted by the excessive construction costs of the canal project.)

4. The United States was able to annex Hawaii because
A. Queen Liliuokalani desired increased American investment in Hawaii
B. pro-American planters engineered a revolt in Hawaii
C. American marines had forcibly removed the queen from power
D. public opinion in Hawaii strongly favored annexation
E. Hawaii felt threatened by other Pacific powers
(Correct Answer: B. Queen Liliuokalani desired decreased American involvement in Hawaii. American marines were involved in the removal of the queen from power, but only in a supporting role. Public opinion in Hawaii supported the queen.)

5. American missionary leaders supported imperialism in this era because
A. they thought their involvement would temper the excess zeal of other imperialists
B. they admired the "pureness of spirit" found in the Filipinos and other native groups
C. religious leaders in Europe favored imperialism
D. they saw imperialism as an opportunity to convert the "heathen" of newly acquired territories
E. American presidents, especially Theodore Roosevelt, strongly pressured them to take that stance
(Correct Answer: D. Missionary leaders worked in conjunction with other imperialists in this era. Little admiration of the natives was demonstrated by missionary leaders; the possibilities of conversions was the major reason for religious support for imperialism. )

1. Successful reforms initiated by the progressives included all but which of the following:
A. Governments became more efficient in American cities such as Cleveland
B. Health and safety conditions improved in some large factories
C. The conditions of migrant farmers improved to some degree
D. Some state governments became more democratic with the introduction of measures such as referendum and recall
E. The federal government began to collect a national income tax
(Correct Answer: C. Progressives did much less for workers in the agricultural sector than they did for factory workers.)

2. Theodore Roosevelt ran for president in 1912 because
A. the policies of William Howard Taft's administration were almost exclusively anti-progressive
B. he desired to split the Republican party and give the election to the Democrats
C. he was appalled by the results of the Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
D. of the Taft administration's decision to apply the Sherman Antitrust Act to United States Steel
E. he felt that Taft was not adequately preparing America for potential war with Europe
(Correct Answer: D. The Taft administration enacted many important progressive measures. Roosevelt considered the actions against United States Steel to be a personal affront to him.)

3. American blacks were discouraged by their lack of racial progress during the Wilson administration. Which of the following is not true?
A. The film Birth of a Nation presented a positive view of blacks in Reconstruction states after the Civil War
B. Black and progressive leaders forged tight political bonds during the Wilson administration and battled for many of the same causes
C. Springfield, Illinois, was one city that demonstrated positive relations between white citizens and newly arrived blacks
D. Booker T. Washington and Theodore Roosevelt developed close political ties after their two meetings together
E. All of the above
(Correct Answer: E. D. W. Griffith's film presented a very negative view of blacks during Reconstruction. Progressives and black leaders never worked closely together. Race riots were held in Springfield, Illinois. Theodore Roosevelt met twice with Booker T. Washington but did little to help the conditions of blacks.)

4. Many progressives agreed with socialists that
A. capitalism had created massive inequality in America
B. the American factory system had to be fundamentally altered
C. labor unions were inherently evil
D. revolutionary tactics were needed to reform the economic and social systems
E. factory owners were inherently greedy and could not be trusted
(Correct Answer: A. Progressives and socialists were both critical of the effects of capitalism in the United States. Progressives, however, were intent on reforming that system.)

5. Which of the following was least likely to be a progressive in this era?
A. A member of the Industrial Workers of the World
B. A member of the Protestant Social Gospel movement
C. A large stockholder in United States Steel
D. A follower of Eugene Debs
E. A member of the Bull Moose party
(Correct Answer: C. Progressives were insistent that corporations like U.S. Steel be made to reform. The IWW shared goals with progressives, as did members of the Social Gospel movement and socialist followers of Debs.)